Jódar et. al. [Util. Math. 46 (1994) 129-141] introduced the concept of Bessel matrix functions of the first kind. In this paper, we derive integral representations for these functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Jódar et. al. [Util. Math. 46 (1994) 129-141] introduced the concept of Bessel matrix functions of the first kind. In this paper, we derive integral representations for these functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Homogeneous catalysis in which the catalyst, solvents and reactants are all in the same phase can yield high activity and selectivity and efficiently produce chemical products. However, the main problem with these kin...
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Homogeneous catalysis in which the catalyst, solvents and reactants are all in the same phase can yield high activity and selectivity and efficiently produce chemical products. However, the main problem with these kinds of reactions is separating and reusing precious metal catalyst; therefore, it needs to be performed in a convenient platform. To figure out this problem, a biphasic system can be suggested in which one phase sequesters the solid catalyst and the other phase delivers reactants to and remove products from the reaction media. But, there are some problems using these methods such as thermodynamics and solubility issues, mass transfer limitations, cross-contamination problems, environmental concerns and possibility for a continuous process. Thus, a biphasic ionic liquid (IL) /CO 2 system is suggested, which may solve these problems. In this research, special properties of ionic liquids that can make them be the next class of alternative solvents is introduced, and subsequently the main issues in using them is discussed. Then, to overcome the abovementioned problems, a combined biphasic ionic liquid / CO 2 system is managed to be used for homogeneous catalytic reactions. The main purpose of this project is running homogeneous catalytic reactions in biphasic IL/CO 2 media and managing key parameters in kinetics, momentum and mass transfer, and phase behavior to control the reaction in an efficient zone. For this reason, two typical and large homogeneous catalytic reactions that are practiced in industry, hydroformylation and hydrogenation of 1-octene, have been selected. In order to investigate the effect of CO 2 pressure on controlling the reaction over the mass transfer or kinetic zones, thorough studies have been arranged to determine the phase behavior and thermodynamic properties of compounds (reactants, products, and solvents) within the reaction conditions. It has also been revealed in this work that the momentum and mass transfer parameters (diffusivity and viscosity) of ionic liquids can be mana
The exclusion of inherent process variations in thecurrent deterministic design methods for sheet metal forming canlead to very unreliable result that may cause high scrap rate,frequent rework, machine shut down and t...
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The exclusion of inherent process variations in thecurrent deterministic design methods for sheet metal forming canlead to very unreliable result that may cause high scrap rate,frequent rework, machine shut down and thus huge loss of profit.Extensive research has been done in exploring the deterministiceffect of each factor on the part, but the impact of theirvariations on the fluctuation of output quality for the stampingprocess is seldom addressed and quantified. The inclusion ofuncertainty in the design and optimization cycle should lead tobetter understanding of the impact of uncertainty associated withsystem input on the system output. This understanding can then beapplied for managing such uncertainties. To date, there are veryfew reports on incorporating uncertainties and variations in thedesign of stamping processes. In this research we propose threedifferent probabilistic design approaches. It uses sheet metalforming finite element method (FEM) simulation as the fundamentaltool. When the system meta-model is not complex, the design ofexperiments (DOE) technique and response surface method (RSM) areintegrated with FEM to build an explicit function to connectprocess input to process performance output. With thequantification of uncertainties of input variables, by Monte CarloSimulation (MCS) or other reliability analysis methods, theprobability that the product conforms to its specification cantherefore be assessed. Through the right formulation ofprobabilistic optimization the robust optimal design configurationcan be found. In the case where the number of process inputs is toomany so that the design of experiment cannot handle and the systemmeta-model cannot be approximated, the alternate approach thatintegrates FEM, multi-objective genetic algorithm and reliabilityassessment is illustrated. By the proposed probabilistic designapproaches, deeper understanding about the relationship betweenprocess variables uncertainties with the part qualities isachieved. Ultimately, the process output variability could
Quantitative adhesion and friction properties of Vertically Aligned Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (VAMWNT) and Fluorinated Nano Diamond (F-ND) Films were studied using commercially available AFM probes and customized m...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781109213393
Quantitative adhesion and friction properties of Vertically Aligned Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (VAMWNT) and Fluorinated Nano Diamond (F-ND) Films were studied using commercially available AFM probes and customized microprobes under controlled environments. This thesis demonstrated that no significant adhesion force difference was found in dry environment and ambient conditions for both VAMWNT and F-ND samples while a clear dependence of friction behavior on relative humidity was found. There was no significant correlation between adhesion and friction at the nanometer length scales. A chemical dangling bond hypothesis was proposed to explain experiment results. An interesting reverse stick-slip phenomenon was also found on scanning VAMWNT and molecular dynamic simulations were used to understand this behavior.
This Part of this European Standard specifies the requirements for safeguards against excessive pressure inwater-tube boilers as defined in EN 12952-1.
标准号:
BS EN 12952-10-2002
This Part of this European Standard specifies the requirements for safeguards against excessive pressure inwater-tube boilers as defined in EN 12952-1.
Covers the design requirements of standard piezoelectric hydrophones and the data required to specify their characteristics. Requirements and characteristics are given to specify an instrument which is suitable as an ...
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标准号:
IEC 60500-1974
Covers the design requirements of standard piezoelectric hydrophones and the data required to specify their characteristics. Requirements and characteristics are given to specify an instrument which is suitable as an IEC standard hydrophone for calibrati
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